notes:chem10003
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| notes:chem10003 [2021/05/12 00:42] – created, need to convert latex to mathjax joeleg | notes:chem10003 [2023/05/30 22:32] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| General formula of \(\ch{C_nH_{2n+2}}\). | General formula of \(\ch{C_nH_{2n+2}}\). | ||
| The longer a chain, the higher its boiling point. | The longer a chain, the higher its boiling point. | ||
| - | == | + | ===== Bonding and shape ===== |
| - | === Bonding and shape ===== | + | |
| Unpaired valence electrons are used for bonding. | Unpaired valence electrons are used for bonding. | ||
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| The following table describes the spontaneity of reactions by the sign of \(\Delta S\) and \(\Delta H\). | The following table describes the spontaneity of reactions by the sign of \(\Delta S\) and \(\Delta H\). | ||
| - | ||\(+\Delta S\)|\(-\Delta S\)| | + | | |\(+\Delta S\)|\(-\Delta S\)| |
| |\(+\Delta H\)|Spontaneous at all temperatures|Spontaneous at high temperatures| | |\(+\Delta H\)|Spontaneous at all temperatures|Spontaneous at high temperatures| | ||
| |\(-\Delta H\)|Spontaneous at low temperatures|Non-spontaneous at all temperatures| | |\(-\Delta H\)|Spontaneous at low temperatures|Non-spontaneous at all temperatures| | ||
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| |4|2|Bent|104.5|Water| | |4|2|Bent|104.5|Water| | ||
| |3|3|Trigonal Planar|120|Boron Trifluoride| | |3|3|Trigonal Planar|120|Boron Trifluoride| | ||
| - | |3|2|Bent||Sulfur Dioxide| | + | |3|2|Bent|:::|Sulfur Dioxide| |
| |2|2|Linear|180|Carbon Dioxide| | |2|2|Linear|180|Carbon Dioxide| | ||
| It turns out that lone pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs. | It turns out that lone pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs. | ||
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| Tellurium has one crystalline form of a network of spirals with strong interchain interactions. | Tellurium has one crystalline form of a network of spirals with strong interchain interactions. | ||
| - | Polonium has $α$-polonium with a simple primitive structure. | + | Polonium has $\alpha$-polonium with a simple primitive structure. |
| Down the group, there is a decrease in directional influences and an increase in metallic character. | Down the group, there is a decrease in directional influences and an increase in metallic character. | ||
| ==== Group 17 (Halogens) ==== | ==== Group 17 (Halogens) ==== | ||
notes/chem10003.1620780166.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/05/30 22:32 (external edit)